Emigrate to Norway

⇒ Norway culture

⇒ Climate

⇒ Language

⇒ School system of Norway

⇒ Health care system

⇒ Vaccinations and medical certificates

Norway culture

Norway’s culture is rich in traditions, history and natural beauty. Here are some characteristic features of Norwegian culture:

Close to nature: The breathtaking landscape of Norway, consisting of fjords, mountains, forests and lakes, has a strong influence on the culture. Norwegians have a close connection with nature and engage in many outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing and fishing.
Viking heritage: Norway has a long history as the home of the Vikings. This heritage is reflected in many aspects of the culture, from the historic sites to the traditional crafts.
Music and art: Norway has a vibrant music scene, ranging from classical music to folk music and contemporary pop music. The famous Norwegian painter Edvard Munch created works such as “The Scream”, which are known worldwide.
Literature: Norway has a long literary tradition, ranging from ancient Norse sagas to modern authors. The writer Henrik Ibsen and the poet Knut Hamsun are well-known representatives.
Social equality: Norway is known for its strong commitment to social justice and equality. The country has a well-developed social system and a high quality of life for its citizens.
Janteloven: This principle emphasizes humility, equality and the absence of selfishness. It affects the way Norwegians interact with each other and share their successes.
Winter activities: Due to the long winter, activities such as skiing, cross-country skiing and ice fishing are very popular in Norway. The Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) are a special natural phenomenon that attracts many tourists.
Food culture: Norwegian cuisine is characterized by regional ingredients, including fish, game, berries and potatoes. Traditional dishes such as lutefisk (dried fish) and klippfisk (salted and dried fish) are typical.
Celebrations and festivals: Norwegians celebrate their cultural traditions through festivals such as Midsummer, Christmas and the national holiday on May 17 (Syttende Mai), which celebrates independence from Denmark.

Climate

The climate in Norway varies greatly depending on the geographical location and region. Due to its long extension from north to south, the country experiences different climatic zones. Here are some important aspects of the climate in Norway:

Temperate climate: In the southern parts of Norway, especially along the coast, a temperate climate prevails. Winters are usually mild and summers are pleasantly warm. Oslo, the capital of Norway, for example, has a temperate continental climate with average temperatures ranging from -6°C in winter to 22°C in summer.
Polar Regions: The northern regions of Norway, located beyond the Arctic Circle, experience Arctic or sub-Arctic conditions. Here there are long, cold winters with heavy snowfall and short, cool summers. Temperatures can drop below -30°C in winter, while rising to about 10°C in summer.
Fjord and coastal climate: The regions along the fjords and the coast have a maritime climate. This means that winters are milder and summers are cooler than inland. The proximity to the sea provides a moderate balancing effect on temperatures.
Mountain regions: The mountain regions of Norway, such as the Telemark and Jotunheimen mountains, have cool summers and cold winters. At higher altitudes, snow often remains until late spring, creating ideal conditions for winter sports activities.
Northern Lights and Midnight Sun: Due to its location, Norway experiences the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) in the Arctic regions during the winter months. On summer nights above the Arctic Circle, the sun does not set, which is known as the Midnight Sun.

Language

Several languages are spoken in Norway, with Norwegian being the official language and the most widely spoken language in the country. However, there are several other languages spoken by various minority groups. The main languages in Norway are:

Norwegian: Norwegian is the official language and the most widely spoken language in Norway. There are two main varieties of Norwegian: Bokmål (also called “Book Norwegian”) and Nynorsk (also called “New Norwegian”). These two variants have minor differences in grammar and vocabulary.
Sámi: Sámi is the language of the indigenous Sami population in the northern part of Norway, especially in the Finnmark and Troms regions. There are several Sámi dialects, some of which are considered languages in their own right.
Kvenish: Kvenish is a language spoken by the Kven minority in northern Norway. It is related to Finnish and belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family.
Romanes: Romanes is the language of the Roma minority in Norway. There are several dialects of Romanes spoken by different Roma groups.
Other minority languages: Due to the increasing cultural diversity in Norway, other languages such as Arabic, Somali, Tamil, Urdu, and various European languages are also spoken by immigrants and their descendants.

It is important to note that most Norwegians speak English well, especially in urban areas and in education. This often makes it easier for people who are not fluent in Norwegian to communicate and interact in the country.

School system of Norway

For emigrating to Norway with the family, the school system of course plays a big role:

The school system in Norway is known for its high quality and focus on equal opportunities. It consists of different levels and stages of education. Here is an overview of the school system in Norway:

Kindergarten (Barnehage): Attendance at kindergarten is widespread in Norway for children aged 1 to 6, but it is not compulsory. Kindergartens provide a fun and social environment for children and prepare them for school.
Elementary School (Barneskole): Elementary school is compulsory for children aged 6 to 13 and lasts nine years. It is divided into two levels: “Barnetrinn” (grades 1-7) and “Ungdomstrinn” (grades 8-10). Classes are divided into subjects such as Norwegian, mathematics, science, social studies, foreign languages, art and physical education.
Videregående Skole (Secondary School): After elementary school, students have the option of attending a secondary school, which lasts three years (grades 11-13). Here, students choose a specific focus from a variety of options, including general, vocational, or specialized programs. Completion of secondary school is important for access to higher education or vocational opportunities.
Higher Education: Norway has a wide range of higher education institutions, including universities, colleges and universities of applied sciences. The higher education system offers a variety of degree programs in different disciplines. University study is usually free or requires low tuition for international students.

The Norwegian school system places great emphasis on inclusive education, equal opportunities, and the development of critical thinking. It also emphasizes the development of social skills and the promotion of creative activities. Teachers are highly valued in Norway and students are expected to actively participate in the learning process.

It is important to note that Norway has a highly decentralized education policy, which means that the responsibility for education lies mainly on the municipalities. This can lead to certain regional differences in the education system.

Healthcare system

The healthcare system in Norway is considered one of the best in the world and provides comprehensive medical care for citizens. Here are some features of the Norwegian health care system:

Universal health care: The health care system in Norway is based on the principle of universal health care. This means that all citizens and legal residents have access to health care, regardless of their income, employment, or social status.
Public health services: The health care system is provided primarily by government agencies. Health services are funded and managed by the government, with the Ministry of Health playing an important role. Most health services, including hospitals and clinics, are government-run.
Primary care: Primary care is provided by family physicians (general practitioners) and community health centers. These offer a wide range of medical services, including diagnosis, treatment, screening and counseling. Most citizens have a regular primary care physician who serves as the first point of contact for medical problems.
Specialized care: For specialized medical care, there are hospitals and medical centers throughout the country. These facilities provide services in areas such as surgery, obstetrics, pediatrics, psychiatry and more.
Health care: The health care system places great emphasis on prevention and health promotion. People are encouraged to have regular health checkups and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Cost: Although the health care system is primarily publicly funded, there is some minor cost sharing for medical services. However, costs are limited and there are caps on copayments to ensure that no one faces financial hardship due to medical expenses.
Supplemental insurance: Many Norwegians have supplemental private health insurance to provide additional benefits or faster access to specialized services. However, these private insurance plans are not necessary to receive basic medical care.

Overall, the healthcare system in Norway is known for its quality, efficiency and universality. The high quality of life and good health care have helped make Norway a popular destination for immigrants and expatriates.

Vaccinations and medical certificates

For emigrating to Norway as a German, no vaccinations are mandatory, however recommendations are made. Medical evidence may be required. Here are some important points to consider:

Standard vaccinations: Norway has similar vaccination recommendations to Germany. It is important to make sure you are up to date on all standard vaccinations before you emigrate to Norway. These include vaccinations against diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis.
Proof of health: In some cases, medical evidence may be required to ensure that you are in good health. This may be the case in particular for certain professions or for stays over a longer period of time.

Tax system

The tax system in Norway is characterized by a high tax burden, which enables the country to offer extensive social benefits and public services. Here are some important features of the Norwegian tax system:

Income tax: Norway has a progressive income tax, which means that higher incomes pay a higher tax rate. Income tax rates can vary considerably depending on income levels.
Social security contributions: Employees and employers pay social security contributions, which are used to finance social benefits such as health insurance, pension insurance and unemployment benefits.
Value added tax: Norway levies a value added tax (VAT) on the sale of goods and services. The standard VAT rate is usually 25%, but there are reduced rates for certain goods and services.
Wealth tax: Norway levies a wealth tax on certain assets such as real estate, vehicles and financial assets.
Capital gains tax: Capital gains such as interest, dividends and capital gains are subject to capital gains tax. This tax may vary depending on the type of income.
Corporate taxes: Companies are subject to corporate taxes on their profits. The exact tax rates and rules may vary depending on the corporate structure.
Inheritance and gift tax: Norway levies taxes on inheritances and gifts above a certain threshold.

Tax tricks

There are some legal ways to optimize taxes in Norway. Here are some approaches that individuals and businesses can use to reduce their tax burden in Norway:

Tax deductions and allowances: Take advantage of the various tax deductions, allowances and benefits that Norway offers. These include deductions for childcare costs, interest on home loans, and more.
Tax incentives for investments: Norway offers special tax incentives for certain investments, such as tax exemptions for investments in certain industries or regions.
Pension plans and retirement savings: Take advantage of the tax benefits of pension plans and retirement accounts to provide for the future while saving on taxes.
Structured Business Incorporations: Companies can use certain structured business formations to optimize their tax burden. However, it is important to ensure that such structures are in compliance with tax laws.
Tax-saving investments: Investments in certain areas such as renewable energies or innovations can offer tax advantages.
Tax planning with an expert: As the Norwegian tax system is complex, it is advisable to seek professional tax advice. An experienced tax advisor can help identify and implement legal opportunities for tax optimization.

Economy

Norway’s economy is one of the most advanced and stable in Europe. Here are some key features of the Norwegian economy:

Natural resource wealth: Norway has considerable natural resources, especially oil, natural gas, fisheries and hydropower. The oil and gas industry is a key driver of the Norwegian economy and has made the country one of the world’s largest energy exporters.
High standard of living: Norway has a high standard of living and purchasing power. The country invests heavily in education, health care and social security, resulting in a comparatively high quality of life for the population.
Social market economy: Norway practices a social market economy, which is a combination of free market and social protection. The government plays an active role in ensuring fair competition, social justice and consumer protection.
Export orientation: Norway is a major exporter of crude oil, natural gas, fishery products, ships and various industrial goods. Exports are an important driver of economic growth.
Strong fishing industry: Fishing has a long tradition in Norway and remains of great importance to the country’s economy. Norway’s fishing industry is one of the world’s largest exporters of fishery products.
Innovation-friendly environment: Norway invests heavily in research and development. The country has a thriving technology and innovation landscape focused on areas such as renewable energy, marine research, medical technology and ICT.
Stable financial system: Norway has a stable and well-regulated financial system. The Norwegian Oil Fund (Government Pension Fund Global) is one of the largest sovereign wealth funds in the world and plays an important role in securing the country’s long-term financial stability.
Energy transition: Norway is increasingly relying on renewable energies such as hydropower and investing in environmentally friendly technologies. The country has the potential to generate nearly 100% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.

Prices by index

Since prices can change constantly even in an advanced and stable economy like Norway’s, we refer you to the Cost of Living website. This constantly updates its values and thus keeps you up to date.

Real Estate

As an immigrant in Norway, it is possible to buy or rent real estate. Norway has clear regulations for the real estate market that apply to both locals and foreigners. Here are some important points to consider:

Real estate purchase:

As a foreigner, you generally have the right to buy real estate in Norway. However, there are some exceptions and conditions, depending on your citizenship and residency status.
If you do not have EU/EEA citizenship, you will usually need a permit from the Norwegian authorities to purchase real estate. This permit is usually issued for the purchase of vacation homes and apartments in certain areas.
As a rule, there is no permit requirement for the purchase of apartments in apartment buildings.

Real estate rent:

As a tenant, you have the right to rent a property in Norway, regardless of your nationality. The rental market in Norway is well developed, and there are many options to choose from.
Leases are usually for a definite or indefinite period of time. Rental terms are agreed upon between landlord and tenant and may vary by property and region.

Company foundation

As an immigrant in Norway, you can start a business. Norway offers an open and entrepreneur-friendly environment for business start-ups, regardless of your nationality. Here is some important information about it:

Establishment of a company:

You can start a business in Norway as an immigrant, whether as a sole proprietor, partnership or limited liability company (AS).
If you want to establish an AS (Aksjeselskap), you must have at least one person acting as director (CEO). You can also take on this role yourself if you meet the necessary requirements.
Establishing a company in Norway requires registration with the Norwegian Trade Register (Brønnøysundregistrene).

Prerequisites:

You must have a valid residence permit in Norway to start a business.
You should be aware of the legal, tax and regulatory requirements for your chosen line of business.

Company forms

As an immigrant in Norway, you have several options when it comes to starting a business. Here are some of the most common types of companies you can start in Norway:

Sole proprietorship (Enkeltpersonforetak, EPF):
- This is the simplest form of a business and is well suited for small businesses or self-employed people.
- You are personally responsible for all debts and liabilities of the company.
- Accounting can be less complex, but you are responsible for all business transactions.
Limited Liability Company (Aksjeselskap, AS):
- This is a separate legal entity with limited liability. Responsibility for the company’s debts and liabilities is limited to the company’s assets.
- Requires at least one director (chief executive officer) and one shareholder (principal).
- Requires a minimum amount of capital to start the business.
Branch (Branch):
- A foreign company can open a branch in Norway to continue its business activities in the country.
- The foreign company remains the owner of the branch, which is considered a legally separate entity.
Partnership (Ansvarlig selskap, ANS):
- This is a business form for two or more people who want to run a business together.
- The partners are personally and unlimitedly responsible for the debts and liabilities of the company.
Limited Liability Company for Start-ups (Aksjeselskap for Start-up, AS AS):
- This type of company was developed to support start-ups and founders.
- It offers some relief in terms of minimum capital and incorporation costs.
Joint Stock Company (Allmennaksjeselskap, ASA):
- A larger corporate form often used by larger companies.

Requires a higher minimum amount of capital and meets more stringent reporting requirements.

Visa

For emigrating to Norway as a German, there are different types of visas and residence permits that may apply depending on your purpose and circumstances. Here are some of the most common types of visas:

Work visa (Arbeidstillatelse):
- Once you have found a job in Norway, you can apply for a work visa.
- You need a job offer from a Norwegian employer to apply.
Student Visa (Student Visa):
- If you want to study in Norway, you can apply for a student visa.
- You must have been accepted by a recognized educational institution in Norway.
Family reunification (Familieinnvandring):
- If you want to live in Norway to be with a family member who already has a permanent residence, you can apply for a residence permit for family reunification.
Self-employed or entrepreneur (Selvstendig næringsdrivende eller næringsdrivende):
- If you want to start your own business, you can apply for a residence permit as an independent entrepreneur.
Au Pair (Au pair):
- If you want to work as an au pair in Norway, you can apply for an au pair visa.
Residence permit for seeking employment (Oppholdstillatelse for arbeidssøkere):
- If you want to look for work in Norway, you can apply for a residence permit to look for work.
Visit visa (Besøksvisum):

If you want to travel to Norway temporarily, you can apply for a visit visa.

Security in the country

Norway is considered one of the safest countries in the world. It has a low crime rate, political stability and a well-functioning legal system. Public order and safety are taken seriously in Norway, and the country is known for its high quality of life and focus on the well-being of its citizens.

Nevertheless, it is always advisable to check the current safety conditions and recommendations before traveling or moving and to make sure that you comply with local laws and customs. We recommend the safety advice of the German Foreign Office: Sicherheitshinweise Norwegen.